LSN โ€” Local Sovereign Network

Executive Summary

BytePlus Pte Ltd is ByteDance's enterprise cloud division โ€” the same company that operates TikTok. Registered in Singapore under AS150436, it advertises itself as an AI-powered cloud platform. Our honeypot has tracked 30+ IPs on BytePlus infrastructure, every single one carrying AbuseIPDB confidence scores of 100%. Two IPs (101.47.159.125, 101.47.156.170) were confirmed propagating the mdrfckr SSH backdoor botnet. The top attacker (101.47.158.56) resolves directly to bytedance.com. This is TikTok's shadow: a video platform's parent company operating attack infrastructure under China's National Intelligence Law.

The Corporate Architecture

BytePlus was launched in June 2021 as ByteDance's enterprise technology division, headquartered in Singapore. AI Business reported it as "a new division to sell its AI tech" โ€” marketing ByteDance's internal machine learning tools to international enterprise clients.

The operational reality is different. APNIC records show:

  • ASN: AS150436 (BYTEPLUS-AS-AP - Byteplus Pte. Ltd., SG)
  • Abuse contact: bd_abuse@bytedance.com
  • NOC contact: noc@bytedance.com
  • PeeringDB: 200 IPv4 prefixes, Open peering policy
  • NIC Handle: BPLA13-AP ("Byteplus Pte Ltd administrator")

The email domains are the key: @bytedance.com. Not @byteplus.com. BytePlus is not a separate entity with independent operations. It is ByteDance with a Singapore address. The abuse contact routes to Beijing.

The bytedance.com Resolution

Direct Attribution Signal

Our entity graph records that 101.47.158.56 (threat score: 100, honeypot hits: 45) resolves to bytedance.com via reverse DNS/Shodan. This is not inference โ€” it is the infrastructure telling us who it belongs to. The same IP ran 22 SSH scanning sessions against our honeypot in a 33-minute window using libssh_0.9.6, attempting connections with empty credentials.

A TikTok-parent-company-owned IP, resolving to bytedance.com, mass-scanning the internet for SSH vulnerabilities.

The Numbers

MetricValueSignificance
Total tracked IPs30+On AS150436 in our honeypot DB
AbuseIPDB score = 100ALL100% abuse confidence โ€” unprecedented
Average threat score52.2Above global mean (~30)
Maximum threat score100101.47.158.56 (resolves to bytedance.com)
Claimed countries3SG (14), ID (10), HK (3)
Actual BGP routing1 (SG)ALL route through Singapore
mdrfckr botnet nodes2 confirmed101.47.159.125, 101.47.156.170
HASSH campaigns4libssh, Go_SSH, Paramiko, go_scanner

The mdrfckr Connection

In our earlier investigation (TI-2026-025E), we identified BytePlus as hosting the largest single-provider mdrfckr infection cluster โ€” 46 IPs actively propagating an SSH backdoor botnet. Two were directly confirmed: 101.47.159.125 and 101.47.156.170.

The mdrfckr botnet is not sophisticated. It uses default credentials, writes to predictable paths, and has been documented since 2020. BytePlus's "inability to detect one of the simplest botnets" (as we noted in TI-2026-025B) raises a binary question:

  • Option A: BytePlus cannot detect a trivial botnet running on their infrastructure โ†’ incompetence
  • Option B: BytePlus detects it but does not remove it โ†’ complicity

There is no Option C.

The Wrapper Pattern (Again)

Like Aceville (031A), BytePlus exhibits the same geo-discrepancy architecture:

  • Indonesia IPs: rdap_country=ID, cymru_country=SG
  • Hong Kong IPs: rdap_country=HK, cymru_country=SG
  • Singapore IPs: rdap_country=SG, cymru_country=SG (genuine)

All 30 IPs, regardless of their claimed location, route through Singapore. The Indonesia and Hong Kong allocations are fiction โ€” they exist only in RDAP records, not in BGP reality. This is the same jurisdictional wrapper technique: register IPs under different countries while routing everything through a single point, fragmenting any enforcement attempt.

China's National Intelligence Law

Article 7: The Legal Obligation

China's National Intelligence Law (2017), Article 7: "All organizations and citizens shall, in accordance with the law, support, cooperate with, and collaborate in national intelligence work."

ByteDance operates under this law. ByteDance has a Chinese Communist Party committee. The Chinese government holds a "golden share" in ByteDance subsidiary Beijing Douyin Information Service (the domestic TikTok entity), which includes a board seat with veto power. BytePlus shares abuse contacts, NOC contacts, and infrastructure management with ByteDance Beijing.

The question is not whether BytePlus could be compelled to cooperate with Chinese intelligence. The question is whether a company with a CCP committee, a state board member, and legal obligation under Article 7 has any structural capacity to refuse.

Entity Graph: The Connections

Our intelligence graph reveals 110 entity links for the top BytePlus IP alone:

  • 53 shared_otx_pulse โ€” appears in same threat intelligence feeds as Russian bulletproof hosts, Yisu Cloud, and compromised endpoints worldwide
  • 25 shared_abuse_phone โ€” shares abuse phone with 25 other entities
  • 25 shared_rdap_org โ€” NIC handle BPLA13-AP connects to all BytePlus blocks
  • 3 registered_by โ€” "Byteplus Pte Ltd administrator", "IRT-BYTEPLUS-SG"
  • 1 resolves_to โ†’ bytedance.com

The shared_otx_pulse connections are particularly revealing: BytePlus IPs appear in the same AlienVault threat feeds as known bulletproof infrastructure from Yisu Cloud (154.83.12.193, HK) and Russian hosts (Digit One LLC). This places BytePlus infrastructure in the same threat ecosystem as acknowledged bad actors.

The Scale Question

BytePlus advertises 200 IPv4 prefixes on PeeringDB. Our honeypot has captured only 30 IPs โ€” a fraction. The per-IP abuse rate is what matters: 100% of tracked BytePlus IPs carry maximum AbuseIPDB confidence. No legitimate cloud provider achieves this.

For comparison:

  • AWS average abuse confidence: ~15-20%
  • DigitalOcean average: ~25-35%
  • Tencent/Aceville (031A): 86% at โ‰ฅ80
  • BytePlus: 100% at maximum (100)

This is not a hosting provider with some bad customers. This is infrastructure where abuse is the norm, not the exception.

What a "Video Platform" Needs

The Question Nobody Asks

TikTok is marketed as a social media app. ByteDance is marketed as an AI/content company. Why does a video platform company need:

  • 200 IPv4 prefixes (thousands of IPs)
  • Enterprise cloud hosting sold to third parties
  • Infrastructure in 3+ countries with geo-spoofed registrations
  • A cloud division registered in Singapore to avoid Chinese regulatory labels

The answer is that ByteDance is not a video platform. It is a technology company with state obligations operating cloud infrastructure that generates 100% abuse-flagged attack traffic from every IP we've observed. The "video platform" is the public face. The cloud infrastructure is the shadow.

Methodology & Sources

Data from: LSN Honeypot (Cowrie SSH), AbuseIPDB (confidence scores), GreyNoise (classification), Shodan/InternetDB (services), RDAP/APNIC (registration), BGP/Cymru (routing), AlienVault OTX (pulse sharing), PeeringDB (peering data), entity graph (relationship mapping). Corporate information from HKTDC, AI Business, PeeringDB, and APNIC WHOIS. Legal references from published English translations of China's National Intelligence Law (2017). Prior investigations: TI-2026-025B (SSH Parasite Infrastructure), TI-2026-025E (SSH Parasite Victims), DOSSIER-018 (BytePlus/TikTok critical findings).

โš  Personal capacity. Research published independently โ€” not reflecting employer views. Derived from passive observation of attacks against personal infrastructure. Full disclaimer โ†’
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