TI-2026-049E โ The Temporal Pattern
๐ Executive Summary
Seven days of honeypot data. 3,452 sessions. 1,798 unique IPs. The temporal distribution is not uniform:
Mon
516
Tue
2,705
Wed
50
Thu
26
Fri
17
Sat
39
Sun
99
Tuesday accounts for 78% of all traffic. Saturday carries 1.1%. This is not a machine that runs by itself. It has a schedule โ and the schedule has weekends off.
Two operational modes emerge: precision scanning (Monday: 516 connections, 136 IPs, 34.5% success, 263 commands) and burst bombardment (Tuesday: 2,681 connections, 103 IPs, 6.5% success, 177 commands). The operator uses both โ targeted reconnaissance followed by carpet bombing.
๐ Part I โ The Heatmap
When we strip away the Tuesday burst and look at the baseline hourly distribution, a clear diurnal pattern emerges:
* Adjusted: burst wave (987+1087+265) removed from 02:00-04:00 to show baseline
Peak: 06:00-09:00 UTC (119 sessions at 06:00). Trough: 18:00-21:00 UTC (13 sessions at 19:00). Peak-to-trough ratio: 9.2ร.
In UTC+8 (China)
Peak: 14:00-17:00
Trough: 02:00-05:00
Afternoon peak / night trough
In UTC+3 (Moscow)
Peak: 09:00-12:00
Trough: 21:00-00:00
Morning peak / evening trough
In UTC-5 (US East)
Peak: 01:00-04:00
Trough: 13:00-16:00
Night peak / afternoon trough โ
The UTC-5 interpretation (night peaks, afternoon troughs) is implausible โ no human operates most actively at 1-4 AM. Both UTC+8 and UTC+3 produce plausible business-hours patterns. The burst wave at 02:00-04:00 UTC = 10:00-12:00 CST โ mid-morning in China โ tips the balance toward UTC+8, but UTC+3 cannot be ruled out.
๐ Part II โ The Burst Wave
June 30, 2026. Tuesday. 02:00 UTC. Something wakes up.
987
02:00 UTC
34ร average
1,087
03:00 UTC
37.5ร average
265
04:00 UTC
9.1ร average
2,339 sessions in 3 hours from 8 unique IPs
~292 connections per IP ยท Hourly average: 29 sessions
Eight IPs. Two thousand three hundred thirty-nine connections. That is roughly one connection every 4.6 seconds per node, sustained for three hours. This is not organic scanning drift โ someone pressed a button.
The burst starts at 02:00 UTC (10:00 CST), peaks at 03:00 (11:00 CST), and decays by 04:00 (noon CST). If you were sitting in a Chinese timezone office, you arrived at work, started the scan, let it run through the morning, and it wound down by lunch.
Burst Mode (Tuesday)
2,681 connections ยท 103 IPs
175 successes ยท 6.5% success rate
177 commands
High volume, low yield. Carpet bombing.
Precision Mode (Monday)
516 connections ยท 136 IPs
178 successes ยท 34.5% success rate
263 commands
Lower volume, higher yield. More commands per success.
Monday deployed 136 different IPs and got roughly the same number of successes as Tuesday's burst (178 vs 175) โ but with 5ร fewer connections and 49% more commands per session. Monday was reconnaissance. Tuesday was the follow-up bombardment.
๐ Part III โ The Weekend Silence
Saturday: 39 sessions. Friday: 17. Compare to Monday: 516. The weekend-to-weekday ratio:
Weekend = 8.4% of weekday activity
A fully autonomous botnet โ nodes scanning independently without coordination โ would show no weekend differential. Compromised machines don't take Saturdays off. Cron jobs don't observe public holidays. The 91.6% weekday bias means one of two things:
- Human-initiated waves. The operator manually triggers scanning bursts during work hours. On weekends, nobody triggers them. The baseline trickle (17-39 sessions/day) is the autonomous component; the spikes are human-directed.
- C2 scheduling. The C2 server distributes scanning tasks on a schedule that reflects business hours. The nodes are autonomous executors, but the task queue is filled by a human on weekdays.
Either way: there is a human in the loop. The swarm has operators, not just infrastructure.
๐บ๏ธ Part IV โ The Netherlands Migration
While the clock reveals when the operator works, the geographic shift reveals where they are moving infrastructure:
| Country | Earlier % | โ | Later % | ฮ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐ณ๐ฑ Netherlands | 11.0% | โ | 78.0% | +67.0% |
| ๐บ๐ธ United States | 18.6% | โ | 2.6% | -16.1% |
| ๐จ๐ณ China | 11.0% | โ | 2.6% | -8.4% |
| ๐ต๐ฑ Poland | 9.3% | โ | 2.5% | -6.8% |
| ๐ง๐ช Belgium | 6.8% | โ | 0.5% | -6.3% |
The Netherlands went from one of many sources to the dominant one. Meanwhile, US, China, Poland, Belgium, Malaysia, Vietnam, UK, Japan, and Thailand all declined. The swarm is consolidating through Dutch hosting โ likely AMS-IX-connected data centers that offer excellent European peering at competitive prices.
This is not a timezone shift. The operator isn't moving to Amsterdam. They are moving their infrastructure to Amsterdam while operating from the same timezone they always have.
โฑ๏ธ Part V โ The Deployment Calendar
The campaign first-seen timestamps reveal the operator's deployment strategy:
March 28, 2026 โ Day 0
libssh 0.11.x fleet activated. 1,313 IPs. The expansion wave.
March 29, 2026 โ Day 1
libssh 0.9.6 fleet activated. 421 IPs. The stable workhorse. Deployed one day after 0.11.x.
23-day evaluation period
April 21, 2026 โ Day 24
libssh 0.12.0 fleet activated. 607 IPs. The next generation.
29-day operational period
May 20-21, 2026 โ Day 53-54
All three campaigns last seen. Simultaneous cessation โ coordinated deactivation or target saturation.
This timeline tells a story: the operator pre-built two versions, launched them simultaneously, monitored for 23 days, then deployed the third. All three stopped together. This is release management โ the same discipline a software team applies to production deployments, applied to a botnet.
โ๏ธ Verdict โ The Clock Has a Heartbeat
- [DOCUMENTED] The swarm is NOT a 24/7 autonomous botnet. Weekend activity at 8.4% of weekday average proves human scheduling influence.
- [DOCUMENTED] Burst wave at 02:00-04:00 UTC (10:00-12:00 CST): 2,339 sessions from 8 IPs in 3 hours. Human-triggered, consistent with UTC+8 morning.
- [DOCUMENTED] Infrastructure migrating toward Netherlands (+67% traffic share). Operator consolidating through Dutch hosting while maintaining East Asian operational hours.
- [INFERRED] Two operational modes: precision (34.5% success, high interaction) and burst (6.5% success, volume play). Monday reconnaissance โ Tuesday bombardment.
- [INFERRED] All three campaigns stopped simultaneously (May 20-21), suggesting coordinated deactivation rather than individual node failure.
The swarm has a clock. The clock has a rhythm. The rhythm has a heartbeat. And the heartbeat keeps business hours.
The next letter โ the final letter in this series โ assembles the census: every number, every ratio, every pattern from all five investigations into a single statistical portrait of the organism.
๐ Related & Coming Next
โ Prior
049A โ The Library That Moves
049B โ The Command Language
049C โ Eighty-Four Flags
049D โ The Version Tree
โ Final Letter
TI-2026-049F โ "The Census" โ statistical synthesis of the complete swarm
Next Series
TI-2026-050A โ "The Toolmakers" โ Go_SSH fleet analysis
Sources: Cowrie honeypot ยท honeypot_heatmap ยท honeypot_timeline_intelligence ยท honeypot_sessions_intelligence ยท campaign dossiers
Investigation: TI-2026-049E ยท 8 evidence ยท 2 actors ยท 5 findings ยท 4 connections ยท 3 infrastructure
Confidence: MEDIUM-HIGH โ single honeypot temporal data + cross-validated with geographic/version evidence from 049C/049D
Classification: TLP:WHITE