๐ŸŸ  ACTIVE โ€” libssh Swarm ยท Human Scheduling Detected ยท Tuesday 78% of Traffic ยท 02:00-04:00 UTC Burst = 10:00 CST ยท Weekend 8.4% of Weekday ยท Netherlands Migration +67%

TI-2026-049E โ€” The Temporal Pattern

Series: The Swarm Protocol ยท Letter E of 6 ยท Published 2026
Letter A found the organism. B decoded its speech. C mapped its territory. D excavated its genome. This letter reads its clock. The swarm is not a tireless machine. It sleeps. It wakes. It surges on Tuesdays and whispers on Saturdays. It has a rhythm โ€” and the rhythm has a human heartbeat inside it.
๐Ÿ• Peak: 02:00-04:00 UTC (10:00-12:00 CST) Tuesday: 2,705 Sessions (78%) Weekend: 8.4% of Weekday Average Burst: 2,339 Sessions / 8 IPs / 3 Hours ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Netherlands: 11% โ†’ 78% Traffic Share Burst Success: 6.5% vs Baseline: 34.5% 0.9.6 + 0.11.x Deployed Simultaneously (Day 0/1)

๐Ÿ“‹ Executive Summary

Seven days of honeypot data. 3,452 sessions. 1,798 unique IPs. The temporal distribution is not uniform:

Mon

516

Tue

2,705

Wed

50

Thu

26

Fri

17

Sat

39

Sun

99

Tuesday accounts for 78% of all traffic. Saturday carries 1.1%. This is not a machine that runs by itself. It has a schedule โ€” and the schedule has weekends off.

Two operational modes emerge: precision scanning (Monday: 516 connections, 136 IPs, 34.5% success, 263 commands) and burst bombardment (Tuesday: 2,681 connections, 103 IPs, 6.5% success, 177 commands). The operator uses both โ€” targeted reconnaissance followed by carpet bombing.

๐Ÿ• Part I โ€” The Heatmap

When we strip away the Tuesday burst and look at the baseline hourly distribution, a clear diurnal pattern emerges:

00:00 UTC
21 01:00
39 02:00
38* 03:00
21* 04:00
27* 05:00
38 06:00 โ–ฒ
119 07:00 โ–ฒ
96 08:00
62 09:00 โ–ฒ
89 10:00
31 11:00
88 12:00
46 13:00
43 14:00
66 15:00
44 16:00
29 17:00
58 18:00 โ–ผ
25 19:00 โ–ผ
13 20:00
42 21:00 โ–ผ
15 22:00
36 23:00
26

* Adjusted: burst wave (987+1087+265) removed from 02:00-04:00 to show baseline

Peak: 06:00-09:00 UTC (119 sessions at 06:00). Trough: 18:00-21:00 UTC (13 sessions at 19:00). Peak-to-trough ratio: 9.2ร—.

In UTC+8 (China)

Peak: 14:00-17:00

Trough: 02:00-05:00

Afternoon peak / night trough

In UTC+3 (Moscow)

Peak: 09:00-12:00

Trough: 21:00-00:00

Morning peak / evening trough

In UTC-5 (US East)

Peak: 01:00-04:00

Trough: 13:00-16:00

Night peak / afternoon trough โœ—

The UTC-5 interpretation (night peaks, afternoon troughs) is implausible โ€” no human operates most actively at 1-4 AM. Both UTC+8 and UTC+3 produce plausible business-hours patterns. The burst wave at 02:00-04:00 UTC = 10:00-12:00 CST โ€” mid-morning in China โ€” tips the balance toward UTC+8, but UTC+3 cannot be ruled out.

๐ŸŒŠ Part II โ€” The Burst Wave

June 30, 2026. Tuesday. 02:00 UTC. Something wakes up.

987

02:00 UTC

34ร— average

1,087

03:00 UTC

37.5ร— average

265

04:00 UTC

9.1ร— average

2,339 sessions in 3 hours from 8 unique IPs

~292 connections per IP ยท Hourly average: 29 sessions

Eight IPs. Two thousand three hundred thirty-nine connections. That is roughly one connection every 4.6 seconds per node, sustained for three hours. This is not organic scanning drift โ€” someone pressed a button.

The burst starts at 02:00 UTC (10:00 CST), peaks at 03:00 (11:00 CST), and decays by 04:00 (noon CST). If you were sitting in a Chinese timezone office, you arrived at work, started the scan, let it run through the morning, and it wound down by lunch.

Burst Mode (Tuesday)

2,681 connections ยท 103 IPs

175 successes ยท 6.5% success rate

177 commands

High volume, low yield. Carpet bombing.

Precision Mode (Monday)

516 connections ยท 136 IPs

178 successes ยท 34.5% success rate

263 commands

Lower volume, higher yield. More commands per success.

Monday deployed 136 different IPs and got roughly the same number of successes as Tuesday's burst (178 vs 175) โ€” but with 5ร— fewer connections and 49% more commands per session. Monday was reconnaissance. Tuesday was the follow-up bombardment.

๐Ÿ“… Part III โ€” The Weekend Silence

Saturday: 39 sessions. Friday: 17. Compare to Monday: 516. The weekend-to-weekday ratio:

Weekday avg:
663/day
Weekend avg:
56/day

Weekend = 8.4% of weekday activity

A fully autonomous botnet โ€” nodes scanning independently without coordination โ€” would show no weekend differential. Compromised machines don't take Saturdays off. Cron jobs don't observe public holidays. The 91.6% weekday bias means one of two things:

  • Human-initiated waves. The operator manually triggers scanning bursts during work hours. On weekends, nobody triggers them. The baseline trickle (17-39 sessions/day) is the autonomous component; the spikes are human-directed.
  • C2 scheduling. The C2 server distributes scanning tasks on a schedule that reflects business hours. The nodes are autonomous executors, but the task queue is filled by a human on weekdays.

Either way: there is a human in the loop. The swarm has operators, not just infrastructure.

๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Part IV โ€” The Netherlands Migration

While the clock reveals when the operator works, the geographic shift reveals where they are moving infrastructure:

Country Earlier % โ†’ Later % ฮ”
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Netherlands 11.0% โ†’ 78.0% +67.0%
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States 18.6% โ†’ 2.6% -16.1%
๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ China 11.0% โ†’ 2.6% -8.4%
๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฑ Poland 9.3% โ†’ 2.5% -6.8%
๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ช Belgium 6.8% โ†’ 0.5% -6.3%

The Netherlands went from one of many sources to the dominant one. Meanwhile, US, China, Poland, Belgium, Malaysia, Vietnam, UK, Japan, and Thailand all declined. The swarm is consolidating through Dutch hosting โ€” likely AMS-IX-connected data centers that offer excellent European peering at competitive prices.

This is not a timezone shift. The operator isn't moving to Amsterdam. They are moving their infrastructure to Amsterdam while operating from the same timezone they always have.

โฑ๏ธ Part V โ€” The Deployment Calendar

The campaign first-seen timestamps reveal the operator's deployment strategy:

March 28, 2026 โ€” Day 0

libssh 0.11.x fleet activated. 1,313 IPs. The expansion wave.

March 29, 2026 โ€” Day 1

libssh 0.9.6 fleet activated. 421 IPs. The stable workhorse. Deployed one day after 0.11.x.

23-day evaluation period

April 21, 2026 โ€” Day 24

libssh 0.12.0 fleet activated. 607 IPs. The next generation.

29-day operational period

May 20-21, 2026 โ€” Day 53-54

All three campaigns last seen. Simultaneous cessation โ€” coordinated deactivation or target saturation.

This timeline tells a story: the operator pre-built two versions, launched them simultaneously, monitored for 23 days, then deployed the third. All three stopped together. This is release management โ€” the same discipline a software team applies to production deployments, applied to a botnet.

โš–๏ธ Verdict โ€” The Clock Has a Heartbeat

  • [DOCUMENTED] The swarm is NOT a 24/7 autonomous botnet. Weekend activity at 8.4% of weekday average proves human scheduling influence.
  • [DOCUMENTED] Burst wave at 02:00-04:00 UTC (10:00-12:00 CST): 2,339 sessions from 8 IPs in 3 hours. Human-triggered, consistent with UTC+8 morning.
  • [DOCUMENTED] Infrastructure migrating toward Netherlands (+67% traffic share). Operator consolidating through Dutch hosting while maintaining East Asian operational hours.
  • [INFERRED] Two operational modes: precision (34.5% success, high interaction) and burst (6.5% success, volume play). Monday reconnaissance โ†’ Tuesday bombardment.
  • [INFERRED] All three campaigns stopped simultaneously (May 20-21), suggesting coordinated deactivation rather than individual node failure.

The swarm has a clock. The clock has a rhythm. The rhythm has a heartbeat. And the heartbeat keeps business hours.

The next letter โ€” the final letter in this series โ€” assembles the census: every number, every ratio, every pattern from all five investigations into a single statistical portrait of the organism.

๐Ÿ”— Related & Coming Next

โ† Prior

049A โ€” The Library That Moves

049B โ€” The Command Language

049C โ€” Eighty-Four Flags

049D โ€” The Version Tree

โ†’ Final Letter

TI-2026-049F โ€” "The Census" โ€” statistical synthesis of the complete swarm

Next Series

TI-2026-050A โ€” "The Toolmakers" โ€” Go_SSH fleet analysis

Sources: Cowrie honeypot ยท honeypot_heatmap ยท honeypot_timeline_intelligence ยท honeypot_sessions_intelligence ยท campaign dossiers
Investigation: TI-2026-049E ยท 8 evidence ยท 2 actors ยท 5 findings ยท 4 connections ยท 3 infrastructure
Confidence: MEDIUM-HIGH โ€” single honeypot temporal data + cross-validated with geographic/version evidence from 049C/049D
Classification: TLP:WHITE

โš  Personal capacity. Research published independently โ€” not reflecting employer views. Derived from passive observation of attacks against personal infrastructure. Full disclaimer โ†’
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