๐Ÿงฌ CRITICAL โ€” The botnet TI-2026-002 caught in spring is still running, byte-for-byte, in summer.

TI-2026-048A โ€” The Nine Commands

TI-2026-048A ยท Series: ๐Ÿงฌ The Long Memory (Letter A) ยท TLP:WHITE
Anatomy of a persistent recon kit โ€” the MikroTik / Telegram / SMS-gateway botnet, decoded command by command, and proven to be the same operation three months and 49 nodes later.
Persistent botnetMikroTik reconTelegram tdata theftSMS-gateway / 2FAlibssh2_1.11.1HASSH re-ID49 nodes

๐Ÿ“‹ Executive Summary

In spring, a hand-built investigation โ€” TI-2026-002 โ€” caught a synchronised botnet running an identical nine-command reconnaissance playbook across 15 residential devices in 14 countries. This dossier opens The Long Memory by proving that the same operation never stopped.

The byte-identical nine commands ran again on 112.185.48.244 (June 3 and June 26) and on 211.48.137.43 (April 28). The platform now binds the operation to a single SSH fingerprint โ€” HASSH f45fb203โ€ฆ (libssh2_1.11.1) โ€” shared by 49 IPs, and thirteen nodes from the 002 spring roster recur inside the summer cluster. Same script. Same machines. Three months on.

Read closely, the nine commands are a complete asset-triage routine that simultaneously:

  • ๐Ÿ” Detects MikroTik routers โ€” via the RouterOS-only /ip cloud print.
  • โ›๏ธ Evicts rival miners โ€” a competitive presence check before deployment.
  • ๐Ÿ“ฑ Steals Telegram Desktop sessions โ€” copying tdata for password-free, 2FA-free account takeover.
  • ๐Ÿ“ก Hunts SMS gateways & GSM modems โ€” SIM farms for 2FA interception and SMS fraud.
  • ๐Ÿท๏ธ Checks an infection marker โ€” D877F783D5D3EF8Cs โ€” and ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ tests the shell for a honeypot before committing.

No malware was downloaded here โ€” the recon never needed to. Nine commands already confessed the entire business model, and the fingerprint proved who was speaking.

๐ŸŽฏ The Nine-Command Sequence

Every node executes this exact sequence in well under ninety seconds โ€” connect, run nine commands, disconnect:

STEP 1 โ”‚ /ip cloud print โ† MikroTik RouterOS detection
STEP 2 โ”‚ ifconfig โ† network interface recon
STEP 3 โ”‚ uname -a โ† kernel / architecture fingerprint
STEP 4 โ”‚ cat /proc/cpuinfo โ† CPU profiling (mining viability)
STEP 5 โ”‚ ps | grep '[Mm]iner' โ† rival-miner check
STEP 6 โ”‚ ps -ef | grep '[Mm]iner' โ† double-check, full process list
STEP 7 โ”‚ ls -la โ€ฆ/TelegramDesktop/tdata โ€ฆ/dev/ttyGSM* โ€ฆ โ† Telegram + SMS/SIM hunt
STEP 8 โ”‚ locate D877F783D5D3EF8Cs โ† infection / control marker
STEP 9 โ”‚ echo Hi | cat -n โ† shell-liveness / anti-honeypot test

The platform's intel-linker tags the whole session with one TTP label: reconnaissance. Decoded line by line, nothing is idle:

1/ip cloud print
Device-type probe. A RouterOS command that only resolves on a MikroTik โ€” it asks "am I on a router?" before anything else.
2-4ifconfig ยท uname -a ยท cat /proc/cpuinfo
Environment profile. Interfaces, kernel/architecture, CPU โ€” choosing the right payload build and judging mining value.
5-6ps โ€ฆ grep '[Mm]iner'
Competitor eviction. Is a miner already here? The [Mm] character-class is the deliberate idiom that stops grep matching its own line โ€” the mark of someone who writes shell daily.
7ls -la โ€ฆtdata โ€ฆttyGSM* โ€ฆsmsd.conf*โ€ฆ
The prize hunt. Telegram session stores and GSM/SMS-gateway device files in a single sweep (full list below).
8locate D877F783D5D3EF8Cs
Marker / Telegram key. D877F783D5D3EF8C is the hard-coded Telegram Desktop tdata key constant; locating it finds every session store โ€” and doubles as an "already-owned" infection tag.
9echo Hi | cat -n
Liveness / anti-honeypot test. Confirms a real interactive shell returning numbered output before the script ever exposes a payload URL.

๐Ÿ”ฌ Step 7 โ€” The Full Target List

The single most revealing command enumerates five distinct asset classes at once:

# Telegram Desktop sessions โ€” account takeover, no password, no 2FA
~/.local/share/TelegramDesktop/tdata
/home/*/.local/share/TelegramDesktop/tdata
 
# GSM hardware modems
/dev/ttyGSM* /dev/ttyUSB-mod* /dev/modem*
 
# SMS gateway software (smstools / gammu-smsd)
/var/spool/sms/* /var/log/smsd.log /etc/smsd.conf* /var/config/sms/*
 
# Qualcomm QMI modem interface
/usr/bin/qmuxd /var/qmux_connect_socket
 
# SIM-card management (OpenWrt)
/etc/config/simman

Two prize classes, one ls. Telegram tdata: copy the folder and you are the victim on Telegram โ€” no password prompt, no second factor. SMS/GSM gateways: control one and you can read inbound SMS (intercept 2FA codes), send premium-rate SMS, and run smishing at scale.

Takeaway โ€” the operator categorises by monetisation, not opportunity. The recon's whole point is to sort every box into the most profitable abuse โ€” and act on it.

The asset-triage decision tree

What the nine commands set up is a branch table โ€” the same logic TI-2026-002 reconstructed, still in force:

If the box isโ€ฆโ€ฆthen the operatorMonetisation
a MikroTik routerhijacks it โ€” DNS poisoning, VPN tunnel, SOCKS proxy, traffic sniffing, reboot-persistent scriptsProxy/anonymity, credential capture
running Telegramsteals tdata for account takeover, impersonation, crypto scamsFraud, extortion, scam distribution
a SIM farm / GSM modemabuses the gateway for 2FA interception, SMS fraud, SIM-swap2FA bypass โ†’ bank/crypto takeover
just CPUdeploys a miner โ€” after evicting any competitorStolen compute (Monero)
already markedskips it โ€” already owned by this or an allied operator(deconfliction)

๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ The Continuity Proof โ€” Spring Nodes, Summer Cluster

This is the heart of The Long Memory. TI-2026-002 documented 15 nodes between March 21 and April 11. Months later, the same HASSH fingerprint cluster contains the very same addresses โ€” proof it is one continuous campaign, not a look-alike:

Node (recurs in both)Country ยท ISPSeen in 002 (spring)In summer HASSH cluster
121.165.204.105๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Korea TelecomMar 24โœ“
222.108.39.109๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Korea TelecomMar 28โœ“
183.98.76.106๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Korea TelecomApr 5โœ“
218.145.181.48๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท Korea TelecomApr 6โœ“
173.185.74.18๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ WindstreamApr 4 & 7โœ“
171.241.43.241๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡ณ ViettelApr 9โœ“
81.18.37.142๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ฟ RadiobaylanysApr 8โœ“
87.249.188.12๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช LjusnetApr 10โœ“
202.44.227.204๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ญ Internet ThailandApr 11โœ“
178.160.209.67๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ฒ Telecom ArmeniaMar 21โœ“
85.30.212.24๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ RostelecomMar 23โœ“
5.187.97.40๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ต Canal TelecomMar 31โœ“
144.2.91.96๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ญ SwisscomApr 1โœ“

Thirteen of fifteen spring nodes are still in the cluster โ€” and fresh ones (112.185.48.244, 211.48.137.43) run the identical script. The campaign didn't migrate; it endured.

๐ŸŒ The Grown Roster โ€” 49 Nodes, One Fingerprint

Where 002 mapped 15 nodes by hand, automated HASSH + shared-command clustering now resolves 49 IPs to the same operation across roughly twenty countries โ€” overwhelmingly residential and mobile broadband (compromised home routers and CPE, not datacentres):

IPCountryISP / ASNNote
112.185.48.244๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท KRKorea Telecom AS4766Jun 3 & Jun 26 โ€” repeat visitor
211.48.137.43๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท KRKorea Telecom AS4766Apr 28
116.34.14.135๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท KRLG Powercomm
59.22.201.143 ยท 121.171.115.207 ยท 14.55.31.113๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท KRKorea Telecom AS4766KT is the dominant cluster
118.70.239.231 ยท 118.71.201.155๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡ณ VNFPT Telecom
109.63.130.95๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ RUMegaFon (mobile)
75.89.156.112๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ USWindstreamGreyNoise malicious
47.185.144.12 ยท 162.40.175.174 ยท 173.19.19.38 ยท 148.75.192.89๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ USFrontier / Windstream / Mediacom / Cablevisionresidential
90.224.74.107 ยท 92.33.193.44 ยท 92.33.220.174 ยท 188.151.176.48๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช SETelia / Telenor / Tele2
152.52.158.42๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ INBharti Airtel
90.76.178.5 ยท 217.97.46.229๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ฑOrange (FR / PL)
219.78.63.235๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ฐ HKHKT
148.216.255.251๐Ÿ‡ฒ๐Ÿ‡ฝ MXAlestra
36.92.154.210๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฉ IDTelkom Indonesia
89.236.237.151๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฟ UZIST Telekom
โ€ฆplus the 13 recurring spring nodes above โ€” 49 IPs total on HASSH f45fb203โ€ฆ.
Takeaway โ€” one new node hits the honeypot every 1โ€“3 days. The operator owns a large pool of residential bots and tasks them in rotation โ€” which is exactly why the IP and the country are worthless for tracking, and the fingerprint is everything.

๐Ÿงฌ How the Platform Knows It Is One Operation

The addresses never repeat enough to matter โ€” so identity is reconstructed from things the operator cannot cheaply change. Two independent signals converge:

f45fb203โ€ฆHASSH โ€” the libssh2_1.11.1 client handshake fingerprint
49IPs sharing that exact HASSH
e5cefcb1โ€ฆshared-command hash (ps -ef | grep '[Mm]iner')
48IPs in that shared-command cluster

HASSH hashes the SSH client's key-exchange/cipher/MAC offer โ€” a build-specific signature of the attacker's tool, not its location. Shared-command clustering hashes the exact command strings and groups every IP that issued them. When the same 49 residential addresses across twenty countries share both a client fingerprint and a byte-identical command set, coincidence is excluded: it is one toolkit, many disposable hosts.

Behavioral fingerprint

Credential: default IoT logins (root / weak) โ€” the entry, not the goal.
SSH client: libssh2_1.11.1 โ€” a C library, i.e. an automated tool, never a human typing.
Session: connect โ†’ 9 commands โ†’ disconnect, < 90 seconds. Machine speed.
Cadence: ~1 new node every 1โ€“3 days โ€” steady C2 tasking from a large bot pool.
๐Ÿ” Reading between the lines โ€” the operator has every incentive to rotate IPs (residential proxies are cheap and disposable) and zero incentive to rebuild a working toolkit. So the things they change โ€” address, country โ€” are noise, and the thing they keep โ€” the kit โ€” is signal. A honeypot that fingerprints behaviour has a longer memory than an attacker who only changes their mask.

๐Ÿชž The Ugly Mirror โ€” A Stolen Copy of a Documented Industry

Strip the criminal framing and look at what this kit hunts โ€” inbound SMS spools, GSM modems, SIM managers, QMI interfaces, messaging sessions โ€” and it is indistinguishable from a product catalogue. It is one: the commercial lawful-interception and surveillance industry, exposed in the WikiLeaks Spy Files.

What the botnet huntsThe commercial equivalent (Spy Files)
GSM modem / SMS-gateway capture (/dev/ttyGSM*, smsd.conf)Cobham "SHOGI GSM Interception"; SS8 IP interception
SMS / IM / VoIP content interceptionAQSACOM "Enhanced Lawful Interception" of email/IM/VoIP
SS7 / mobile-core tappingGroup2000 "LIMA" (SS7/UMTS interception, Nokia provisioning)
Mass aggregation of intercepted commsAmesys "from lawful to massive interception" โ€” later tied to mass surveillance in Libya under Gaddafi

The capability the surveillance vendors sold to states for millions โ€” intercept the SMS, own the second factor, read the messages โ€” is what a residential botnet now improvises with nine shell commands and a stolen tdata folder. The criminal who copies a session directory and the appliance that taps an SMS gateway are reaching for the same files for the same reason.

The 2FA-interception "innovation" of the criminal underground is a decades-old state-and-vendor capability, declassified by leak and now commoditised by botnet. That is the ugly reality the history proves.

This thread โ€” the convergence of criminal telecom-theft and the documented interception industry โ€” is developed in full in a later letter of this series.

โš–๏ธ Verdict

Nine commands, no malware, and the whole operation is legible: a maintained, professionally-written recon kit that fingerprints the host, evicts rivals, and triages every box toward its most profitable abuse โ€” MikroTik hijack, Telegram takeover, SMS-gateway/2FA fraud, or mining โ€” testing for a honeypot before it commits.

What the pipeline adds to the hand-built spring report is memory. TI-2026-002 saw a snapshot: 15 nodes over three weeks. The HASSH and shared-command graph turns that snapshot into a film โ€” the same operation, byte-identical, still running three months later across 49 residential nodes, thirteen of them the very same machines. The operator changed their address a thousand times and their toolkit not once.

An attacker's identity is not its IP. It is the script it cannot stop running โ€” and a honeypot remembers the script long after the address is gone.

Series: ๐Ÿงฌ The Long Memory ยท Letter: A ยท Classification: TLP:WHITE

Data sources: LSN SSH honeypot (Cowrie) โ€” session transcripts fc5c209c6e9e / e197528fba1c (112.185.48.244) and 44e271009a20 (211.48.137.43); ip_evolution; ip_identity (HASSH f45fb203c31069bb280067b71ed92ccb + shares_commands cluster); cross-referenced against published TI-2026-002. OSINT: WikiLeaks Spy Files (Cobham, SS8, AQSACOM, Group2000 LIMA, Amesys).

Investigation: TI-2026-048A ยท 3 actors ยท 9 evidence ยท 8 findings ยท 4 connections ยท 2 infrastructure records ยท monitoring window 2026-03-21 โ†’ 2026-06-26.

โš  Personal capacity. Research published independently โ€” not reflecting employer views. Derived from passive observation of attacks against personal infrastructure. Full disclaimer โ†’
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