LSN โ€” Local Sovereign Network

109 countries. 884 autonomous systems. 2,111 unique prefixes. The geography of cybercrime mirrors the geography of hosting โ€” but not the geography of population, wealth, or internet penetration. It mirrors something else entirely: the geography of impunity.

Where abuse reports go to die, infrastructure thrives.

I. The Map at Scale

3,085
Unique Attacker IPs
109
Countries
884
Autonomous Systems
4,531
Shared Geo Patterns

Three thousand eighty-five IPs sounds like chaos. It isn't. The distribution has structure โ€” extreme structure โ€” that reveals the architecture of an attack economy more clearly than any individual IP ever could.

II. The Concentration Paradox

CountryIPsHitsHits/IPAvg ThreatASNsRole
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ United States6952,6683.849.3119Cloud commodity
๐Ÿ‡ป๐Ÿ‡ณ Vietnam2081,4076.841.537Compromised residential
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Netherlands1774,26124.161.049Purpose-built attack
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Germany1707154.243.548Mixed (Tor + hosting)
๐Ÿ‡ญ๐Ÿ‡ฐ Hong Kong1145614.947.532Offshore hosting
๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท South Korea1115444.954.017Telecom concentrated
๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Sweden405,168129.243.420Coordination hubs
๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Canada321274.068.19High-threat boutique

Sweden. Forty IPs. Five thousand one hundred sixty-eight hits. One hundred twenty-nine hits per IP.

That ratio is not a number โ€” it's an accusation. The global average is approximately 15 hits per IP. Sweden's ratio is 8.6 times higher. From the previous article, we know why: 185.246.128.133 (w1n Ltd) and its temporal coordination network drive thousands of hits from a single IP. Sweden isn't a source of attacks. It's the clock from which attacks are coordinated.

Contrast with the United States: 695 IPs generating only 2,668 hits (3.8/IP). The US provides the raw compute โ€” DigitalOcean, Google Cloud, Azure โ€” but each instance is disposable. Used once, rotated, replaced. The US is the bullet. Sweden is the finger on the trigger.

III. The Three Tiers

Tier 1: Command Layer

Sweden ยท Switzerland ~50 IPs total ~13,000 hits C2 classification

Few IPs, massive activity, near-perfect success rates. These are coordination nodes โ€” the hubs from 054A. They don't scan. They don't exploit. They validate and coordinate. Their geographic placement in privacy-friendly jurisdictions (Sweden, Switzerland) is deliberate: strong data protection laws shield the operators from casual investigation.

Tier 2: Operational Layer

Netherlands ยท France ยท Canada ~300 IPs High threat density Purpose-built hosting

The Netherlands delivers the highest threat density among major contributors (avg 61.0, abuse 71.2). TechTies Inc (AS197170) โ€” registered in the Seychelles, operating from Dutch data centers โ€” epitomizes this tier: 38 IPs generating 3,377 hits with C2 classifications and Spamhaus listings. One TechTies IP (45.153.34.165) executed 762 sessions in a single 45-minute burst on June 30. OVH (63 IPs, threat 67.0) adds French hosting to the operational corridor.

Tier 3: Volume Layer

Vietnam ยท China ยท India ยท Brazil ~500 IPs Lower individual threat Compromised devices

Viettel Group alone contributes 138 IPs from residential /21 prefixes (27.79.40.0/21, 116.99.168.0/21, 171.231.192.0/21). These are compromised phones and home routers โ€” not dedicated attack infrastructure. They provide volume and geographic diversity but are individually unreliable. The operation doesn't depend on any single Tier 3 node.

IV. The Anonymization Layer

Between the tiers sits a shadow layer: 108 Tor exit nodes on 185.220.101.0/24, operated by Stiftung Erneuerbare Freiheit (Germany). This single prefix generates the largest same_prefix cluster in our entire dataset โ€” 108 IPs all sharing prefix-level relationships.

The Tor exits serve a specific function in the geography of command: they break geographic attribution. An operator in Sweden can route through German Tor exits, emerge from a Dutch data center, and attack from Vietnamese compromised devices โ€” creating a geographic trail that points everywhere and nowhere.

Twenty-two confirmed Tor exits appear in our honeypot data. But 108 share a prefix. Not all are attacking directly โ€” some are part of the relay infrastructure that enables geographic obfuscation for others.

V. The Hyperscaler Problem

ProviderIPsCountriesAvg ThreatHitsType
DigitalOcean (AS14061)171835.0462Commodity VPS
Google Cloud (AS396982)155638.2528Cloud instances
Microsoft Azure (AS8075)1121550.3527Enterprise cloud
Combined438 IPs (14%)1,517

Three companies. Fourteen percent of all attack infrastructure. They're not complicit โ€” they're enormous. At their scale, 438 malicious IPs are noise against millions of legitimate instances. But from the victim's perspective, the attacks come from the same infrastructure that serves Gmail, Azure DevOps, and Dropbox.

Microsoft is the most geographically diverse attacker (15 countries) because Azure's global footprint is the most geographically diverse cloud. The attack mirrors the legitimate infrastructure. This is not coincidence โ€” it's camouflage by proximity.

VI. The Shared Geographic Patterns

4,531 shared_geo_pattern relationships connect 708 source IPs to 712 targets. These are IPs that don't just come from the same country โ€” they share the same pattern of geographic behavior: attacking the same targets from the same source-country distributions at the same rates.

The top geo-pattern hubs are cloud infrastructure: DigitalOcean (30 links), Microsoft Azure (24 links), Linode (23 links). These IPs don't talk to each other โ€” but they behave identically. Same scanning patterns, same target selection, same geographic distribution. This is the signature of a shared toolkit deployed across multiple cloud providers simultaneously.

VII. Read Between the Lines

The ASN Diversity Indicator

When a country's attacks come from many ASNs (US: 119), it's commodity cloud abuse โ€” individual operators renting individual VPS instances. When they come from few ASNs (South Korea: 17, Vietnam: 37), it's either compromised devices on telcos or concentrated purpose-built hosting. The ratio of ASNs to IPs tells you whether you're looking at an economy or an army.

The Jurisdiction Stack

Register in Kazakhstan. Host in Poland. Route through Germany. Attack from Netherlands. Report to Seychelles. This isn't paranoia โ€” it's ISAEV Igor's actual infrastructure path, and TechTies follows a similar model (register SC, host NL). Each jurisdiction adds a layer that abuse reports must penetrate. By design, they never do.

The Residential Shield

Viettel's 138 IPs provide something no data center can: legitimacy. Traffic from residential ISPs doesn't trigger the same alarms as hosting traffic. These aren't willing participants โ€” they're compromised phones running scripts they can't see. The operation uses them as human shields for geographic diversity.

VIII. The Thread Forward

Next: The Prefix Landscape

22,311 same_prefix relationships link 1,471 IPs. The largest cluster is Tor (108 nodes). But thousands more share prefixes in ways that reveal subnet-level coordination: neighbors on the same /24 exhibiting identical behavior.

In 054C โ€” "Twenty-Two Thousand Neighbors", we map the prefix-level clustering that turns individual IPs into coordinated blocks.

Continuity

โ† TI-2026-054A "Synchronized Watches" โ€” the temporal hubs that this geography serves

โ† TI-2026-053A "The Roads They Travel" โ€” BGP transit analysis of the same infrastructure

โ† TI-2026-053F "Fourteen Thousand Tenants" โ€” the belongs_to relationships behind these providers

โ†’ TI-2026-054C "Twenty-Two Thousand Neighbors" โ€” prefix-level coordination

โš  Personal capacity. Research published independently โ€” not reflecting employer views. Derived from passive observation of attacks against personal infrastructure. Full disclaimer โ†’
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