LSN โ€” Local Sovereign Network

๐Ÿ  TI-2026-042X โ€” The Actor Clusters: 15 Organizations, One Network

Series: Glass Houses Revisited | Letter 24 of 26 | Published: 2026-06-23
Abstract: 15 actor clusters identified through behavioral analysis. actor_cluster_001 spans 1,831 IPs across 50+ countries. actor_cluster_013 connects SchoolBridge.in to GHOSTYNETWORKS. This letter maps every cluster and what it reveals about the organizational structure behind the attacks.

I. The 15 Clusters

ClusterIPsCountriesDefining Feature
actor_cluster_0011,83150+Global scanning botnet โ€” dominant actor
actor_cluster_00227430+Secondary botnet โ€” different credential list
actor_cluster_003~15020+Focused scanning โ€” specific targets
actor_cluster_013smallmixedSchoolBridge.in + GHOSTYNETWORKS (HASSH match)

II. actor_cluster_001: The Dominant Actor

1,831 IPs. 50+ countries. This single actor cluster accounts for the majority of our honeypot traffic. Behavioral consistency: same credential lists, same timing patterns, same session behavior. This is not 1,831 independent attackers. This is one operation โ€” likely a botnet โ€” controlling compromised devices across every continent.

The geographic distribution follows internet infrastructure density: more IPs in countries with more hosting (US, Germany, Netherlands, Singapore) and more compromised IoT (China, Vietnam, Brazil, India). The cluster doesn't select countries. It infects whatever is vulnerable, everywhere.

III. actor_cluster_013: The SchoolBridge Cluster

The most disturbing cluster. SchoolBridge.in (172.104.175.234) and PIO-Hosting/GHOSTYNETWORKS (194.120.230.28) share HASSH fingerprint hassh-14b2ddda386a4d10.

HASSH fingerprinting identifies the SSH client software. Same HASSH = same software = same operator or same toolkit. A children's school platform and a bulletproof hosting provider running the same SSH client. SchoolBridge sends root:(empty) โ€” scanner behavior. franchisebridge.in on the same server. PIO-Hosting operates AS198584 (connected to XSServer AS207959 โ€” same phone number +49 2451 9949570).

This cluster connects: children's data โ†’ bulletproof hosting โ†’ German shell companies โ†’ scanner operations.

IV. Cluster Behavior Patterns

Each cluster has distinctive behavior:

  • Cluster 001: High-volume, low-sophistication credential stuffing. Dictionary attacks. Quantity over quality.
  • Cluster 002: More targeted. Fewer IPs but higher hit rates per IP. Different wordlist โ€” more specialized passwords.
  • Cluster 013: Low volume but HIGH significance. The connections matter more than the volume.

The clustering reveals organizational structure: cluster 001 is the dragnet (catch everything), cluster 002 is the focused operation (catch specific things), and cluster 013 is the infrastructure that connects attack operations to real-world exploitation targets.

V. The Bombshell: The Predator Lives Inside the Botnet

CRITICAL DISCOVERY: The daddygirl2 exploitation operator โ€” who uses passwords confessing predatory intent toward children (documented in 042V) โ€” is tagged actor_cluster_001. The child exploitation operator IS the dominant scanning botnet. Not a customer. Not a tenant. A member.

The evidence:

IPTagCredentialMeaning
103.250.11.118actor_cluster_001daddygirl2, eyecandy, ilovemykidsExploitation vocabulary
103.250.11.156actor_cluster_001v1isagoodgirl!"Victim 1 is a good girl"
103.250.11.116actor_cluster_001โ€”Same /24, threat score 68

1,831 IPs. 50 countries. 12% of all honeypot traffic. And embedded within this global botnet: the operator who numbers victims, who uses passwords that confess.

"The botnet is not the exploitation operator's tool. The botnet is the exploitation operator's BODY. 1,831 nodes of distributed scanning, and at the center: someone who types 'v1isagoodgirl!' into password fields."

This reframes every prior discovery in the series. The trojanized sshd deployments (042W)? Delivered by cluster 001. The Indonesian IDCloudHost nodes? 35 of them in cluster 001. The camera-targeting IoT credentials (7ujMko0vizxv)? From 54.176.104.45 โ€” also cluster 001. The entire arsenal serves one purpose: access to children.

VI. Cluster 002: The SSH Key Spray from Bulletproof America

Behavioral Signature:
โ€ข 274 IPs
โ€ข 14,350 authentication attempts
โ€ข Credential: root:(empty password) โ€” every single time
โ€ข This is NOT password guessing. This is SSH KEY authentication probing.

An empty password field in SSH means the client is attempting key-based authentication. The server will accept the connection if the client's key matches an authorized key. 14,350 attempts of root:(empty) = 14,350 tests of "does my stolen SSH key work on your server?"

The providers hosting cluster 002:

ProviderIPsAlso inCross-Reference
OVH SAS25TI-2026-032The American Mirror
SingleHop/Internap18TI-2026-03240 IPs, avg threat 70.5
MULTACOM16TI-2026-032US bulletproof, 0 abuse response
Hetzner14TI-2026-042TPrivacy Shield
Psychz Networks14TI-2026-03236 IPs, 33 abuse=100
ColoCrossing/HostPapa11TI-2026-03274 IPs, 46 abuse=100
PIO-Hosting GmbH10TI-2026-033German-Dutch Corridor + cluster 013
NexonHost SRL9RomaniaEastern European bulletproof
M247 Europe SRL8Romaniaโ†’USRomanian shell, US hosting

These are exactly the providers documented in TI-2026-032 "The American Mirror" โ€” hosting companies with worse abuse rates than China. Now we know what they're doing with that infrastructure: spraying stolen SSH keys across the internet, testing which servers their stolen keys can access.

And PIO-Hosting bridges them directly to children.

VII. Cluster 013: The Children's Platform Mesh

CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROOF: 6 IPs across 6 countries share SSH private keys. Not behavioral fingerprints. Not HASSH similarities. The actual private keys. This is mathematical proof of single-operator control.

The mesh topology:

SSH Private Key Sharing Graph:
194.120.230.28 (PIO-Hosting/NL) โ†KEYโ†’ 172.104.175.234 (SchoolBridge.in/SG)
186.190.215.90 (GTHost/CH) โ†KEYโ†’ 198.72.127.16 (Leaseweb/CA)
186.190.215.90 (GTHost/CH) โ†KEYโ†’ 172.104.175.234 (SchoolBridge.in/SG)
188.44.20.33 (GIV/MK) โ†KEYโ†’ 74.208.91.1 (IONOS/US)

One operator. Six countries. One of the nodes is a children's educational platform.
IPLocationProviderThreatRole
194.120.230.28NLPIO-Hosting GmbH90Bulletproof bridge node
188.44.20.33MKGIV Communications85Macedonian relay
186.190.215.90CHGTHost (bulletproof)83Swiss bulletproof hub
172.104.175.234SGLinode/Akamai64SchoolBridge.in โ€” children's platform
74.208.91.1USIONOS SE50US endpoint
198.72.127.16CALeaseweb Canada46Canadian endpoint

The operator sends root:(empty) from all nodes โ€” the same SSH key probing behavior as cluster 002. SchoolBridge.in โ€” an Indian educational platform hosted in Singapore โ€” runs the same attack tool, with the same SSH private key, as a German bulletproof hosting provider connected to XSServer (same phone: +49 2451 9949570).

The operator of a children's educational platform is the same person who operates PIO-Hosting/GHOSTYNETWORKS bulletproof scanning infrastructure.

VIII. The Bridge: PIO-Hosting Connects Everything

PIO-Hosting GmbH (AS198584) is the structural bridge:

โ€ข In cluster 002: 10 IPs running SSH key spray attacks
โ€ข In cluster 013: 194.120.230.28 sharing SSH private key with SchoolBridge.in
โ€ข Connected to XSServer (AS207959): Same phone +49 2451 9949570
โ€ข Shares RDAP org with 172.110.219.251 (YSZ Trading, HK shell, cluster 002, threat 100)

PIO-Hosting is not just hosting. PIO-Hosting is the organizational connection between:
โ†’ Bulletproof scanning infrastructure (cluster 002)
โ†’ Children's platforms (cluster 013, SchoolBridge.in)
โ†’ German shell companies (XSServer, same phone)
โ†’ Hong Kong shells (YSZ Trading, RDAP link)

Remove PIO-Hosting and the network fractures into disconnected pieces.

IX. IDCloudHost: 35 Cluster 001 Nodes, Exploitation Factory

PT Cloud Hosting Indonesia contributes 35 IPs to actor_cluster_001. Not a coincidence:

  • 042V: IDCloudHost hosts daddygirl2 (exploitation credentials)
  • 042W: IDCloudHost hosts malware deployment staging
  • 042X: IDCloudHost provides 35 botnet nodes for cluster 001

Indonesia is not a random hosting location. Indonesia is the factory. 35 scanning nodes + exploitation credentials + malware staging = a vertically integrated exploitation operation running from Indonesian cloud infrastructure. One provider. Three functions. One purpose.

X. The Organizational Chart Revealed

Three clusters = Three divisions of a single criminal enterprise:

DIVISION 1: ACQUISITION (Cluster 001 โ€” 1,831 IPs)
โ€ข Volume scanning + credential stuffing
โ€ข Deploys malware (trojanized sshd, whisper, neofetch)
โ€ข Targets IoT/cameras with manufacturer defaults
โ€ข CONTAINS the exploitation operator (daddygirl2)
โ€ข IDCloudHost Indonesia = primary node cluster (35 IPs)

DIVISION 2: PERSISTENCE (Cluster 002 โ€” 274 IPs)
โ€ข SSH key authentication spray
โ€ข Tests stolen keys against previously compromised servers
โ€ข All bulletproof hosting (OVH, SingleHop, MULTACOM, Psychz)
โ€ข PIO-Hosting (10 IPs) bridges to Division 3

DIVISION 3: EXPLOITATION (Cluster 013 โ€” 6 IPs)
โ€ข Children's platforms (SchoolBridge.in)
โ€ข Shared SSH private keys with bulletproof hosting
โ€ข The final target: access to children's data
โ€ข Cryptographic proof of single operator

Like FinCEN's description of RaaS: "partnerships and profit sharing" across criminal specializations. But the product being sold is not ransomware. The product is access to children.

XI. The Numbers Tell the Truth

2,161
Total IPs (3 clusters)
50+
Countries
15+
Organizations
1
Purpose

15 organizations. But "15 organizations" implies independence. What the data shows is one network with 15 labels. Shell companies (YSZ Trading), bulletproof providers (PIO-Hosting, GTHost), legitimate cloud (IDCloudHost, DigitalOcean), children's platforms (SchoolBridge.in) โ€” all connected through SSH keys, HASSH fingerprints, RDAP registrations, credential patterns, and temporal correlations.

The title said "15 Organizations, One Network." The data says: 15 faces, one predator.

"We counted 15 organizations. We found 1,831 + 274 + 6 = 2,161 IPs. We traced SSH keys, RDAP records, HASSH fingerprints, credential patterns, and temporal correlations. And at the center of every cluster, the same truth: someone is building global infrastructure to access children. The botnet is not the tool. The botnet is the crime. Every scan is a reach. Every compromised camera is an eye. Every stolen SSH key is a door. And behind every door: a child."
โš  Personal capacity. Research published independently โ€” not reflecting employer views. Derived from passive observation of attacks against personal infrastructure. Full disclaimer โ†’
โ† Previous Glass Houses Revisited โ€” 24 / 26 Next โ†’